`` Girl `` By Kincaid And Hills Like White Elephants

All throughout history, it is almost always noted that men are more superior in comparison to women. This is evident in that men were first to vote, first to drive, and the United States has only ever had male presidents. In stating this, it seems that women need to prove their worth and take a stand. The short stories, â€Å"Girl†, written by Kincaid and â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants†, written by Hemingway, prove that women should be able to make decisions for themselves and not have to abide by society’s expectations. Of these expectations, one that is consistently brought about is a woman’s sexual rights. In Kincaid’s, â€Å"Girl†, the protagonist is the young daughter of a single mother. This â€Å"girl† is constantly being badgered by the mother to act like a proper young lady. It is quoted, â€Å"on Sundays try to walk like a lady and not like the slut you are so bent on becoming† (Kincaid, 10). In saying this, t he mother is automatically assuming that her daughter is going down a promiscuous route and has little hope of becoming a respectable woman. Being that the daughter is still young, what the mother said seems to be a bit harsh. By calling the daughter a â€Å"slut†, she might be making her daughter feel worthless and not feel as though she is able to change into a suitable young lady. Not only does the mother accuse Girl of being a slut, but also acting like a slut. The mother is right for telling her daughter how she should present herself in front of others,Show MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Story Girl By Jamaica Kincaid1608 Words   |  7 Pagesdetails—then,note how this open- endedness affects what readers may take from the texts The stories I examined that do not correlate with the traditional narrative structure are â€Å"Girl† and â€Å"Happy Endings.† Each story is written in a different narrative structure when compared with the traditional structure. For example, â€Å"Girl† is an ongoing list of commands, where â€Å"Happy Endings† is the letter grouping A-F. These short stories require the audience to create meaning and use details to understand and

Workplace Violence and How to Prevent it Essay - 4342 Words

Workplace Violence and How to Prevent it The Workplace is considered a second home for many people because a work shift may range 8 to 12 hours daily. Based on that fact alone it is important to feel safe, comfortable and content in the workplace. Despite the differences in the public and private sector the mission, goals and objectives of any organization can be similar. For example, productivity, cost effectiveness, efficiency, profit or goods/services and the safety within the establishment is equally important. Unfortunately, the challenges that face management are increasing rapidly and during the past 2 decades Violence in the Workplace has become an increased fear among employers and employees. Violence in the Workplace can†¦show more content†¦However, current statistics reveal that violence in the workplace has progressed into an important safety and health issue. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration http://www.osha.gov reports nearly 1,000 workers are murdered, and 1.5 million are assaulted i n the workplace each year. According to the BLS Census of Fatal occupational injuries (CFOI), there were 709 workplace homicides in 1998, accounting for 12% of the total 6,026 fatal work injuries in the United States (4). Currently homicide is the second leading cause of death in an occupational capacity. The Department of Justice National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) has revealed assaults and threats of violence against Americans at work number almost 2 million a year assault with an average of 1.5 million (5). The various acts of assault include rape, sexual assaults and robberies are all non-fatal but very common and traumatic nevertheless. In 1998 alone statistics reveal that there were 396,000 aggravated assaults, 51,000 rapes and sexual assaults, 84,000 robberies, and 1,000 homicides (6). The presence of workplace violence is prevalent, increasing and affecting a variety of victims in various professions. NCVS identified retail sales workers as the most affected by workplace assaults with 330,000 attacked each year. PoliceShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Workplace Violence On The Workplace1235 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Violence in the workplace has been around for centuries. Everything from verbal abuse and harassments to physical abuse and murders have been known to happen in a business. During the 1980’s several violent attacks happened in the Postal Service, public awareness of workplace violence began in August of 1986 when a postal employee shot and killed fourteen people before killing himself. Prior to these killings, violence in the workplace was only referred to as getting injured on theRead MoreThe Effects Of Workplace Violence On The Workplace1501 Words   |  7 Pagesin the rate of workplace violence in private-sector hospitals by 110% (2016). Workplace violence, which consists of physical and psychological abuse during work or on duty, has been an increasing problem in the healthcare industry. Workplace violence occurs in all types of healthcare settings such as hospitals and nursing homes and includes violence from patients, visitors, invaders, and coworkers. Although many states, including California, have laws preventing workplace violence, there is no federalRead MoreThe Issues Of The Nursing Profession1693 Words   |  7 Pagesnursing profession include work place violence, short staffing and hazardous environments. Research shows that these issues have been inflating across the country, and require immediate solutions to stem this growing tide. Thesis Statement Even though nursing has great benefits such as health insurance, great pay, and the fact that you get to help people, nursing has many issues. Some of the issues of the nursing profession include work place violence, short staffing and hazardous environmentsRead MoreWorkplace Violence1735 Words   |  7 PagesWorkplace violence is present in every nook and cranny of corporate America, affecting millions of Americans every year. Workplace violence is defined by the Occupational Safety Health Administration, OSHA, as any act or threat of physical violence, harassment, intimidation, or other threatening disruptive behavior that occurs at the work site. It ranges from threats and verbal abuse to physical assaults and even homicide. In 2011, there were over 2 two million reports and claims of workplaceRead MoreWorkplace Violence In The Workplace1071 Words   |  5 Pages INTRODUCTION: Violence in the workplace has become a major safety and health issue. Workplace violence is not limited to homicide. This type of violence includes behaviors and circumstances that threaten an employee s physical safety; such as: verbal threats, sexual or physical harassment, coercion, behavior changes, intimidation, stalking, telephone/email harassment, and history of aggression. â€Å"Workplace violence incidents have tripled in the last decade, and it is now the fastest-growing categoryRead MoreViolence at Work: Westside Health Sytems1413 Words   |  6 PagesViolence At Work: Westside Health Systems Located in Chicago, Illinois is a private nonprofit health care system called â€Å"Westside Health Systems†. The company consisted of a hospital, a nursing home and 5 minor emergency clinics. Maryanne Walker is the Director of Pharmacy Services, and oversees the main pharmacy located in the hospital, a pharmacy in the nursing home and four satellite pharmacies. She directly reports to her supervisor Nancy Smith. Maryanne is one of 5 total supervisors in PharmacyRead MoreThe Effects Of Workplace Violence On The Workplace947 Words   |  4 Pages According to The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health workplace violence is described as any physical assault, threatening behavior or verbal abuse that takes place in the workplace. Violence includes all behaviors ranging in aggressiveness from verbal harassment to murder. Currently there is no law that requires protection for violence which occurs in the workplace. However some states throughout the country has reached out to legislation an established prevention programsRead MoreLateral Workplace Violence : Effective, Destructive, Or Harassment Behavior1344 Words   |  6 Pages Lateral workplace violence is described as aggressive, destructive, or harassment behavior in the workplace between nurses or other members of the interprofessional team (Yoder-Wise, 2015). This type of behavior can occur within every aspect of life including professional, social, and personal life. The behavior can include gossiping, withholding information, or ostracism extending outside of the workplace and can occur in person or in cyberspace (American Nursing Association, 2011). LateralRead MoreWorkplace Violence773 Words   |  4 PagesA major component of any workplace violence program is prevention. Program development and union involvement, are important parts of a workplace violence prevention program in government. There are specific measures that can be taken to reduce the risk of violent behavior. The first question many people ask when starting to develop a workplace violence prevention program is, how can we identify potentially violent individuals? It is understandable that people want to know this -- and that earlyRead MoreThe Effects Of Workplace Violence On The Workplace1191 Words   |  5 Pages Workplace Violence Abstract In the last several years, instances of violence in the workplace has risen dramatically. As of 2010, approximately a million people has been affected by this type of violence. Although violence in the workplace is not anything new, it is steadily receiving attention because of the rise in the instances of violence and the part that the media is playing in the reporting of these occurrences. Throughout my paper I will discuss certain instances of violence

Beatles Memorabilia Shop

Question: Discuss about the Beatles Memorabilia Shop. Answer: Introduction: Partnership is the relation amongst those persons who agrees to share the profits earned in the business which is carried on by them. To enter into a partnership, it is very important to have an agreement between the persons. The initiative to become partners or to run a partnership business can be expressed by any means like having a discussion personally or over phone. But it is for the legality of the partnership business to have a written agreement made between the partners. The agreement should contains the details of the partners, the business they are willing to carry and its aim, the capital invested in the business and the most important provision should be the ratio of sharing the profit (Marsdd, 2014). Economic share for the business Make sure you clearly lay out each partner stake in the formation and ongoing finances of the business .How much will each partner contribute to start the business and what will each partner responsibility be for future needs. In your agreement define what each partner will put forth not only in the amount of money but also with regard to time, effort, customer, equipment etc. You are all in business to make some money and create and sustain a comfortable life right. Your partner agreement should detail how the partner will split your business profit. How much the partner will get paid and who will get paid first. Outline not only how profit will be distributed but also define if each partner is paid a salary which is the best in a business process (Business, 2016). Feasibility of the shareholders to buy own products What if something changes with regard to ownership of the business? If you sell it which partner will get what? What is your partnership position on taking on new partner .If one partner wants to with draw from your business what will happen then, where are the options for buying out another partner. Your agreement should clearly describe how the ownership interest would be handled in various scenarios like those and others such in the event of any partner death a retirement, or bankruptcy and to protect your business from a partner leaving, setting up new company ad steeling your customer adding in a non complete clause and better safe than sorry (Marylise, 2008). Decision making capability of partners Though nobody thinks about this but one should. If things get ugly between partners how will dispute be handled? Your partnership agreement should define the resolution process. Soul mediation is the initial step will you require arbitration to settle differences. Keep in mind that if a dispute goes to court lawsuit becomes part of public record. Setting up how you will handle dispute will take the guesswork out of navigating dissention. Your agreement should also include what steps should be taken legally end your partnership. You might opt to do this is your and you self cant agree on the future of your business. Also research what your state requires to dissolve partnership. State law governs dissolution and your state website should define the process and provides the forms you need to complete (Marylise, 2008). Can Betty sell memorabilia to the partners? Issues The issue in this case is that Peter and Graham accept the offer made by Betty, one of the customers. They went to her house to see the memorabilia and immediately tell her that they will buy it for $ 5,000. They will get it on the next day and promised to provide a cheque to Betty on the next day. Both of them have acted on behalf of the partnership and the partnership will not pay for it. Rule(s) Section13 of the Partnership Act 1895, states that the partners are bound by the acts of the firm. This means that any business done in the name of the firm in order to bind the firm to a person, the firm or any other partner is not liable for the act. Section 15 of the act states that if there is any restriction on the execution of power on any partner and the partner executes the same which is contravening the agreement, the firm will not be liable for the same. Application In this case, as Peter and Graham have contravened both section 13 and 15 of the Partnership Act by taking the decision of purchasing the memorabilia from Betty without giving any information to any other partners. This is because there is no power vested on Peter and Graham to take decision on behalf of the partnership as they were only interested in investments and this act is against the agreement. In conclusion, Betty has to be paid by them as they have taken the opportunity to purchase it irrespective of asking anybody and should know whether they can pay to Betty and the partnership have a communication gap. So agreement of business and partnership should be ethical and nobody should break the ethics of business (privatewriting, 2014). Liability of partners towards medical costs incurred for Mick Issues Issue is that Ringo have been employed in the shop and is a Beatles fan. There is an argument between Ringo and Mick who operates Stones Caf. Ringo hit him on face which injured him badly. Mick has to pay for the medical expenses and estimates his business loss of $2,000. Rule(s) As Ringo has been employed in the shop, therefore, there is a relationship of master and servant between the partners and Ringo in accordance to the law of Tort. Therefore, the partnership is vicariously liable to reimburse the expenses of Mick as the mishap had happened during the working hours. Application The application of the case is that, having gone through the above rules, it can be ascertained that there is a partnership liability for the mishap of Mick as it has been done by the employee of the partnership during the working hours and so the partnership is vicariously liable, (Marylise, 2008). Concluding in the final analysis, as discussed, Mick does stand a chance to get reimbursed for any medical costs for his injury. Discussion on complaints of Apple and powers of ACCC through principles of law The ACCC in Australia is the agency for protection of consumers. It is a separate government organization addressing the population causes. Majority of the ACCC activities happens under the provision of the relevant act by promoting competition among business. This gives ACCC various solutions including legal enforcement undertaking. Administrative resolution is also provided. The ACCC enforcement uses various tools for prevention of businesses fraud and education, working with the parties. The cases are further dealt with in detail how the action on compliance is taken by the ACCC for goal maintenance and protection of market crash due to unfair practices(Accc, 2015). The aim is prevention of unlawful activities, better practices, to correct actions causing distress, by effectively using the compliance where defensible court procedure is obtained to penalize the offenders of the law (Business, 2016). Department will enforce the relationship between the larger and the smaller organizations to ensure smooth business operations. Infringement notice can be issued by the ACCC with helps the concern to pay a penalty and solve the matter with the ACCC. Enforcement means that the parties to the dispute have to attend the proceedings. The nouvelle provisions of the act are to be followed to the tee. The legal priorities are set according to the newer issues and the welfare of the customers. The consumer protection and the psyche of the consumers are taken into consideration of the law. The cartel formation and management is also a part of the law (Business, 2016). Conclusion In every Business process say a personal business process or a partnership business process the ethics of business goals and agreement between in and other should be maintained to make a successful business organization. If policy between the partners is not self-satisfied then the business will go to the end fighting each other for their personal goal and power. So a proper agreement and understanding each other is very much needed to run a business. References: Accc. (2004). Cartels case studies legal cases. Retrieved September 30, 2016, from https://www.accc.gov.au/business/anti-competitive-behaviour/cartels/cartels-case-studies-legal-cases Accc. (2015, January 01). Franchising Code of Conduct. Retrieved October 22, 2016, from Accc: https://www.accc.gov.au/business/industry-codes/franchising-code-of-conduct Business. (2016, May 09). Partnership. Retrieved October 22, 2016, from business.gov: https://www.business.gov.au/Info/Plan-and-Start/Start-your-business/Business-structure/Business-structures-and-types/Partnership Marsdd. (2014, April 07). Corporations Act 2001. Retrieved October 26, 2016, from Marsdd: https://www.marsdd.com/mars-library/general-partnership-agreement-sample-template/ Marylise. (2008, June 27). Partnership Act. Retrieved October 26, 2016, from Oscommerce: https://forums.oscommerce.com/topic/306857-can-you-get-sued-for-selling-some-brand-items/ privatewriting. (2014). Is the partnership liable for the memorabilia purchased from Betty. Retrieved 10 23, 2016, from privatewriting.us: https://privatewriting.us/partnership-liable-memorabilia-purchased-betty/

US Debt Limit and the Kenyan Famine

Market Failure Essays

Market Failure Essays Market Failure Essay Market Failure Essay A) Using appropriate theory, diagram and examples, analyse the way in which the market ‘fails’ with regards to the environment World market existed from the basic economics of supply and demand theory where demand is the amount or quantity of goods or services that buyers are willing to pay at certain price in exchange for its value or benefit while supply refers to the quantity of goods or services that suppliers are willing to produce at certain cost. Figure 1 and 2 below explain how demand and supply changes with price. Figure 1 shows an inversely proportional relationship of demand and the price. Demand increase from Q1 to Q2 when price drops from P1 to P2. This explains why post Christmas sales attracts huge crowd to the shopping mall. Figure 2 shows a direct proportional relationship of supply and the price. Supply quantity increase from Q3 to Q4 as the price of goods or services increase from P3 to P4. Supplier tends to produce more at higher selling price as it means higher profit for the supplier. This can be seen in agriculture industries where Malaysia and Indonesia where palm oil production increased significantly when the profit is high. However, supplier cannot keep producing without limit as price is determined by whether there is demand. When the supply is more than the demand, the price will drop. When demand is more than the supply, the price will increase. Due to the opposite nature of the demand and supply with respect to price, supply and demand will have to keep re-adjusting itself until a point where supply S is equal to demand D. This is the point where all the demand will be fulfilled by the supply at a optimum price (Peq). This is when market reaches its equilibrium (Fig 3). This is the state where market is most efficient in its resource allocation. In the real world market, the basic supply and demand curve sometimes fails to allocate its scarce resources to the socially optimal outcome when externality exits. Externality is defined as the costs or benefits of activities that are indirectly imposed to the third parties at certain cost or benefit which is not been considered by the producers or the consumers. When there is a cost imposed on third parties, it is called negative externality. For example, when a pig farm is build next to a residential village, the villagers will have to bear the smell of pig farming. The pig farming activities may also pollute the river. This indirectly imposes higher cost to the villagers who drink the water from the river which causes higher health costs. Similarly, when third parties benefited from an activity in which they are not directly involved or paid for, it is called a positive externality. (A. C Pigou, 1932). Both negative and positive externality can cause market to fail. Figure 4 below illustrates the effect of external externality to the market equilibrium. When a firm produces a good and pollutes the air, the Marginal Private Cost (MPC) will represent the cost of producing the goods without taking into consideration any cost of polluting. This will produce QMKT quantity of goods at the cost of PMKT. Since the firm is polluting the air, there will be cost involved as there is 3rd party who suffers from the pollution. As such the true cost of producing will need to take into consideration of externality cost. It’s called Marginal External Cost (MEC). The true cost is reflected as Marginal Social Cost (MSC) which is the sum of MPC and MEC. A new supply demand equilibrium will occurs at MSC equal to D curve which gives the quantity of QMSC at price of PMSC. This shows how market fails in free unregulated market where it was producing too much goods / services (QMKT) at low price (PMKT). Positive externality exists when 3rd party enjoy the benefit from certain economic activities without paying for it. An example will be when a property developer builds a shopping mall nearby a housing estate, residents nearby will gain the convenience of shopping place as well as rise in property prices. The problem is that the developer will not spend to build more shopping mall simply because residents get to enjoy the convenience. This happen exactly the same in the market where market does not allocate enough resources to produce the socially optimal quantity at its own cost. This can be illustrated in Figure 5. Figure 5 shows that in free unregulated market where Marginal External Benefit (MEB) is omitted, equilibrium happens when supply curve (S) is equal to Marginal Private Benefit (MPB) curve and produces the QMKT quantity of goods or services. With the inclusion of MEB, the quantity of goods produced QMSB are more than QMKT at MPB. This underproduction due to positive externality is also a market failure. With proper subsidies and incentive, MEB will be taken into consideration, hence enable the supplier to produce more goods or services at quantity QMSB and sell at a higher price (PMSB). From the explanation above, we can conclude that market failure can occur when externality exists and causes misallocation of resources for most efficient use. These failures are especially obvious with regards to the environment. Factories decision to dispose waste into river, lake and greenhouse gases emission into the atmosphere has caused huge negative effect to the environment as well as to the people who utilise the natural supplies. It causes damage to health, infrastructure as well as the whole ecosystem. For the past 150 years, our world has gone through unprecedented economic growth as well as the population increase. This led to surge in demand for energy, land, transportation as well as agriculture product. At the same time, more waste and pollution was released to the environment all without proper control. Lots of forests which serve as natural way reducing carbon dioxide had been destroyed in order to provide land for new settlement and farming as well as for economic development. This further worsens the world’s carbon dioxide level of the greenhouse gases. Figure 7 shows the distribution of greenhouse gases emission from different industries (Stern Review, 2006). People today have experienced devastated effect of environmental damage. World is getting warmer, certain places are getting drier while other places are getting wetter and windier. People are also experiencing more powerful and destructive El Nino. Global warming has caused melting of ice and rise in sea level, together with unusual weather, it can cause tremendous damages to the people as well as country economy. According to Senate Minority Leader Harry Reid of Nevada, The hurricane Katrina would cost US at least $150 billion (San Francisco Chronicle, 2005). Recent snow storm in China will cost $21 billion to its economy and also directly affecting global supply chain (Singapore Straits Times, Feb 24, 2008). Figure 8 shows the global average temperature projection until 2100. It shows that global temperature will continue to rise by 2 to 3 degree and this will have serious impact to the world which may cause even worst disaster and much more disaster than what the world has experienced today. In view of the huge externality cost for the environment, different countries have come to realise the importance of reducing the greenhouse gases and pollution. This has brought to the agreement of Kyoto protocol in 1997. Legally binding greenhouse gases emission target was set for different member countries. Developed countries will provide financial aid to developing countries in the effort to curb pollution. Europe has adopted carbon trade permit in order to limit the amount of emission. Countries used Pigouvian tax method to levy taxes to the firm that pollutes according to the amount of pollution they produce. This forces the polluting firm to internalised the effect of externality as well as creating incentive for the firm to reduce pollution. However, this tax is based on estimate. Therefore with the inclusion of this tax, it may only get closer to marginal social cost. This tax method can also be applied to work with positive externality. Certain countries such as Malaysia will provide tax incentives for the re-plantation work after logging. Because of that, lots of land that were logged had gone through re-plantation process or had been converted into palm oil where palm oil has become a source of renewable energy source. Regulation for maximum emission was also enforced. Firms will be fined if they exceeded the emission limit. Regulation, however does not really gives incentive for firm to cut down pollution. Firms tend to pollute to the maximum pollution limit allowed. Some countries like Philippines also practices different policy on transportation. Only vehicle number plates end with certain number are allowed to be on the road on certain days of the week. This indirectly helps to cut down the transportation pollution. Introducing of new technology better efficiency and reduced emission has also gained steam. Singapore has introduced green vehicle such as hybrid car and Compact Natural Gas (CNG) car which are more fuel efficient and produce less carbon (Singapore News, Jan 13, 2008). Germany has introduced its hydrogen technology to the BMW cars which produces zero emission with the by product as water vapour (Singapore Straits Time, Feb 14, 2008). Australia is researching into injecting certain kangaroo bacteria into cattle and sheep stomach which scientists believe can reduce large quantities of harmful gases that were released by the animals (Green Diary, 2007). Use of renewable energy such as solar power has become increasing popular. International Energy Inc of USA is developing technology to convert carbon dioxide into bio fuels using algae (International Energy Inc). The technological breakthrough can lead to substantial emission reduction. Other policies such as subsidies are also introduced. Singapore has been giving huge subsidy for firms involved in renewable energy as well as water recycling research. This has made some of the water treatment companies to successfully bring down the cost in converting waste water into drinking water. In conclusion, externalities cause market to fail with regards to environments which have serious implication to the world economy. Each country will have to contribute their fair share and effort towards a feasible solution and collaborate with each other in the effort of reducing emission although there are still lots of argument by developing countries that current environmental problem was mainly the result of the past emission by the developed countries. References A. C Pigou, 1932. The Economics of Welfare. Air Transport Bureau (ATB). Aircraft Engine Emissions cao. int/icao/en/env/aee. htm Airbus website. Airbus A380. See The Big Picture. airbus. com/en/aircraftfamilies/a380/index2. html Allen Hershkowitz, Darby Hoover, Peter Atkin, 2006. How Airlines and Airports Can Clean Up Their Recycling Programs Andrew Mackenzie and David Rice, 2001. Ethics and the Multinational Corporation, in the Moral Universe. BBC News, UK, Feb 26, 2008. Airline in First Biofuel Flight. http://news. bbc. co. uk/2/hi/uk_news/7261214. stm Centre for Asia Pacific Aviation, China Aviation Outlook 2007 D. Daggett, O. Hadaller, R. Hendricks, and R. Walther, 2006 – NASA : Alternative Fuels for Aviation. energybulletin. net/23098. html David Friedman. 1986, 1990. Price Theory : Chapter 18 – Market Failures Deborah Doane, 2002. Market Failure: The Case For Mandatory Social and Environmental reporting Dft, 2003. The Future of Air Transport European Federation for Transport and Environment / Climate Action Network Europe publication, 2006. Clearing the Air : The Myth and Reality of Aviation and Climate Change, TE 06/2 Friends of The Earth, 2007. Call to Regulate Aircraft Carbon Emissions http://action. foe. org/pressRelease. jsp? ress_release_KEY=300 G. Akerlof, 1970, The Market for Lemons, Quarterly Journal of Economics, Vol. 336 pp. 488-500. Gary Stoller, USA Today, Dec 19, 2006. Concern Grows Over Pollution From Jets Gene Callahan, 2001. The Free Market – What is Externality? August 2001, Vol. 19, No. 8 Globe Net News, 2008. Reducing Airlines Emissions – Can It Be Done? globe-net. com/news/index. cfm ? type=1newsID=3336 Greenpeace, Jan 23, 2008. EU Renewable Package A Faltering Step Forward Heath Gibson, 1996. Externalities : Implications for Allocative Efficiency And Suggested Solutions Hugo Kimber, 2007. Taking Responsibility For The Impact Of Aviation Emissions Hugo Kimber, 2007. Quick fixes could cut aviations impact on climate change. Ian Waitz, Jessica Townsend, Joel Cutcher-Gershenfeld, Edward Greitzer, and Jack Kerrebrock, 2004. Aviation And The Environment Ingrid Ulbrich (NESCAUM), Leah Weiss (NESCAUM), 2003. Controlling Airport Related Air Pollution International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO) Publication Economic Contribution of Civil Aviation International Energy Inc. Developing Technologies to Power the 21st Century. internationalenergyinc. om/about_us. php Investopedia : Economic Basic : Demand and Supply. investopedia. com/university/economics/economics3. asp Irani, 2007. Green Diary, Experts Plans ‘ Kangaroo-style Stomachs For Cattle To Fight Global Warming. Jeff Vail, 2007. Why The Free Market Fails Consumers In Sustainable Energy Innovation John Vidal, 2007. Rise Of Low Cost Flights Comes At High Price guardian. co. uk/environment/2007/jan/05/greenpoliti cs. theairlineindustry Kathleen Pender, 2005. San Francisco Chronicle, The True Cost of Katrina London Reuters, Feb 13, 2008. Airport Noise Instantly Boosts Blood Pressure National Environment Agency, Green Vehicles Rebate. http://app. nea. gov. sg/cms/htdocs/article. asp? pid=2916 Other websites references environment-agency. gov. uk pollution. com/ greenpeace. org. uk/ foe. co. uk/ oecd. org/home/ ehsni. gov. uk/environment/environment. shtml boeing. com airbus. com Parliamentary Office of Science and Technology, April 2003. Aviation And The Environment. No. 195 report Paul Burall, 2004. Green Liberal Democrats, Briefing : Some Facts About Aviation Paul Upham, Janet Maughan, David Raper and Callum Thomas, 2003. Towards Sustainable Aviation. Peter Singer, 2007 – A Fair Deal on Climate Change Rhett A. Butler, mongabay. com (April 25, 2006). Why Is Oil Palm Replacing Tropical Rainforests? http://news. mongabay. com/2006/0425-oil_palm. html Rick Piltz, 2007. NextGen Air Transportation System Progress Reports Ignore Climate Change Robert Ghisolfi (CCAP), Arthur Marin (NESCAUM), Marika Tatsutani (NESCAUM), Roberto Salvarani, 2005. EU Aviation Policy and Climate Change Ronald Coase, 1964. The Problem of Social Cost, Journal of Law And Economics, Vol. 3, pp. 1-44 Sally Cairns, Carey Newson, 2006. Predict and decide: Aviation, Climate Change and UK Policy Schneider, Stephen H, 2002. Climate Change Policy, Designing Global Climate Regulation, pp151-188 Singapore News, Jan 13, 2008. 3 More CNG Stations To Open By End of 2008 Singapore Straits Times, Jan 27, 2008. Davos Wraps Up With Warnings For 2008 Singapore Straits Times, Feb 13, 2008. Shipping Emissions Three Times As Much As Estimated Singapore Straits Times, Feb 14, 2008. German Gas (Technology) To Save The World? Singapore Straits Times, Feb 19, 2008. Record Year For Spore Aerospace Industry In 2007 Output Hit $7b Singapore Straits Times, Feb 20, 2008. Asian Airlines To Order 3000 Planes in 20 Years : Boeing Singapore Straits Times, Feb 24, 2008. Death Toll From China Snow Storms Hits 129 Nicholas Stern, 2006. Stern Review : The Economics of Climate Change U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2007. Inventory of US Greenhouse Gas Emission and Sinks : 1990 – 2005

Peer review 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Peer review 2 - Essay Example Besides being an important ethical move, it makes the research paper more credible. In addition, the paper emphasizes the importance of having a purpose when conducting research. A purpose determines the approach that will be followed during the research process (Creswell, 2005). In addition, the article highlights the most important elements of a good research paper. For instance, it has demonstrated the importance of providing the steps that were followed during the research process. The practice enables other researchers to replicate the research process in order to establish if it is correct. Furthermore, the researcher should rely on credible sources of information (Cooper& Schindler, 2014). The importance of using reliable sources involves the need to maintain the integrity of the research and to produce information that can be used by policy makers. However, the paper has other significant weaknesses. For instance, the post has failed to indicate that researchers should urge their peers to undertake further research in order to provide more information about the topic. Financial and time constraints limit the scope of the research. Besides indicating the limitations involved in the research process, a good research paper should highlight an area that needs further research. Furthermore, the post has failed to acknowledge the ethical challenges that researchers face. Researchers encounter many moral and ethical dilemmas in the course of their work (Bhatta, 2013). The post should have appreciated the difficulties involved in applying ethical principles in a research setting. The move would encourage students to overcome the challenges. In order to produce honest work, the researcher may have to overcome stakeholders with stakes. The post has failed to indicate the importance of demonstrating the research methodologies. The researcher should indicate the methods used to analyze the data. Different data analysis methods

Critique of Selected Epidemiological Research Article Paper

Critique of Selected Epidemiological Article - Research Paper Example trated by what the authors did, which was to evaluate whether there was an association between older age and going back to a clinic in the Cardiovascular Health Study. The authors also sought to find the extent to which age and other factors measured and differed by the type of visits. The study reports two hypotheses, which were stated candidly. The authors theorized that the type of visit would have an association with key demographics namely lifestyle, health and function characteristics. The second hypothesis was that the oldest participants would have the worst retention for in-person clinic visits. The design of the research study conducted by Strotmeyer et al. (2011) is a longitudinal epidemiological study. There was no intervention in the study because such investigations entail the following up of subjects over a protracted period, which is characterized by constant observation of various risk factors as well as health outcomes. Conducting a longitudinal epidemiological study is a vital step in investigating the relationships between exposure to recognized or supposed causes of disease and the ensuing morbidity or mortality. This is the most appropriate research deign for the objectives in this study because it enables the tracing of same people for a long period (Jewel & Hubbard, 2006). Consequently, the variations aspects observed in the people are less likely to have the interference of cultural disparities over different age group. Due to these reasons, longitudinal studies obtain accurate results. The power analysis procedure was neither used to estimate the sample size requirements prior to undertaking the study nor to find the likelihood of committing a Type II error. The presence of a power analysis enables the determination of the sample size required for the study based on information from previous research. It also used to verify whether the non-significant outcomes are due to the lack of association in the samples or the lack of statistical